By selection by density dependent competitive interactions
This material is reprinted from The Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 5:45-54. A single copy of the article can be downloaded and printed for the reader's personal research and study.
Witting, L. 2003. Reconstructing the population dynamics of eastern Pacific gray whales over the past 150 to 400 years. The Journal of Cetacean Research and Management 5:45-54